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Configuration Aastra 800 in Computer Networks
54
6.2.1 Introduction to TCP/IP
In a single LAN it is possible to use various protocols for the transmission of data.
The connection between a workstation computer and the Aastra 800 runs via the
IP protocol (also named TCP/IP) used on the Internet. IP can be used together with
other protocols (e.g. NetBEUI, AppleTalk or IPX/SPX) on the same network.
Every device participating in data transmission using IP requires a unique IP
address. An IP address consists of four groups of digits from 0 to 255, each sepa-
rated by a full stop. The supplementary protocols DHCP and PPP automatically
assign IP addresses to devices. Class C networks normally use IP addresses in
which the first three numbers are the same and the last number is uniquely
assigned to a specific device in the LAN. On the Internet, unique addresses
assigned by a special organisation created for this purpose are used. Within a LAN,
you can use addresses which are not unique world-wide:
IP enables the establishment of connections via one or more intermediate sta-
tions. The decision whether to connect directly or indirectly to the partner device
depends on the network mask. The network mask for a class C network is
255.255.255.0. If the IP address of the partner device does not fit the network
mask, the connection is established via the default gateway. If a device knows
several data routes to different intermediate stations, one speaks of a router.
The domain name system (DNS) resolves a plain text DNS name into an IP address.
The DNS is a hierarchically structured database, distributed worldwide. A DNS
server can supply information on the names and IP addresses for which it is
responsible. For all other information, a DNS server contacts other DNS servers. For
the establishment of every connection from the workstation, it is possible to give
either an IP address, or a name that a DNS server resolves into an IP address.
IP Range Common Netmask Comment
192.168.0.0-
192.168.255.255
255.255.255.0 256 smaller networks
172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 255.255.0.0 16 medium networks
10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 1 large network