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SHELL GENERAL SECTION
controls,” Section 21.1.4 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual) or to be used in a subsequent
ABAQUS/Explicit import analysis.
OFFSET
Include this parameter to define the distance (as a fraction of the shell thickness) from the shell
midsurface to the reference surface (containing the nodes of the element). This parameter accepts
positive or negative values or the labels SPOS or SNEG.
Positive values of the offset are in the positive normal direction (see “Shell ele ments:
overview,” Section 23.6.1 of the ABAQUS A nalysis User’s Manual). When O FFSET=0.5 (or
SPOS), the top surface of the shell is the reference surface. When OFFSET=−0.5 (or SNEG), the
bottom surface of the shell is the reference surface. The default is OFFSET=0, which indicates
that the middle surface of the shell is the reference surface.
This parameter cannot be used if the MATERIAL and COMPOSITE parameters are omitted.
This parameter is ignored for continuum shells.
ORIENTATION
Set this param eter equal to the name of an orientation definition (see “O rientations,” Section 2.2.5
of the ABAQUS Analysis User ’s Manual) to be used with the section forces and section strains.
POISSON
Include this parameter to define the shell thick ness direction behav ior.
Set this parameter equal to a nonzero value to cause the thickness direction strain under plane
stress condition s to be a linear function of the membrane strains. The value of the POISSO N
parameter must be between −1.0 and 0.5.
Set POISSON=ELASTIC to automatically select this parameter value based on the initial
isotropic elastic part of the material definition.
The default is POISSON=0.5.
STACK DIRECTION
This parameter is relevant only for continuum shells.
This parameter defines the continuum shell stack or thickne s s direction. Set this parameter
equal to 1, 2, 3, or ORIENTATION. The default is STACK DIRECTION=3. The ORIENTATION
parameter must also be used if STACK DIRECTION=ORIENTATION.
THICKNESS MOD ULUS
This parameter is relevant only for continuum shells.
Set this parameter equal to an effective thickness modulus. The default effective thickness
modulus is twice the initial in-plane shear modulus based on the material definition.
ZERO
If the section is defined by its general stiffness, set this param eter equal to
, the reference
temperature for therm al expansion (for example, ZERO=50 means
).
This param eter is ignored if the COMPOSITE, the MATERIAL, or the USER parameter is
specified.
18.14–2
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